The next step in the powder coating process is applying the actual powder. There are a number of different ways to do this, but most forms involve generating positive or negative charges in the work piece or powder. One of the more common methods is called electrostatic coating. In this process, the work piece is grounded and the powder is negative. The powder is naturally drawn to the work piece as a result of the polarity difference.
After the material is covered in powder, it enters the powder coating ovens. During this part of the process, the work piece is heated to a temperature hot enough to melt the powder but cool enough to prevent damage to the object. As the powder melts, it evenly coats the work piece and both mechanically and chemically changes. Often, the work piece will be in the oven for less than 20 minutes.
In most cases, the powder is made of a man-made material such as polyester or epoxy. When this material melts together, it flows into the work piece's tiny nooks and crannies. This mechanical change creates an environment-proof barrier. In addition to the mechanical protection, the melted material forms a molecular lattice shape. This lattice is exceptionally durable to damage and wear.